Surveys and Preliminary Research List

Here's a list of the articles we've started to look at regarding self-esteem sorted by age-group. Tried to find articles on a variety of topics. Some of these may not be relevant until we are talking more about our intervention next semester.

Children

Anschutz, D. J., Engels, R. C. M. E., & Van Strien, T. (2012). Increased body satisfaction after exposure to thin ideal children’s television in young girls showing thin ideal internalization. Psychology and health, 27, 603-617.

DeLeel, M. L., Hughes, T. L., Hipwell, A., & Theodore, L. A. (2009). Prevalence of eating disturbance and body image dissatisfaction in young girls: An examination of the variance across racial and socioeconomic groups. Psychology in the schools, 46, 767-775.

Hayes, S. & Tantleff-Dunn, S. (2010). Am I too fat to be a princess? Examining the effects of popular children’s media on young girls’ body image. British journal of developmental psychology, 28, 413-426.

Adolescents

Brausch, A. M. & Decker, K. M. (2013). Self-esteem and social support as moderators of depression, body image, and disordered eating for suicidal ideation in adolescents. Journal of abnormal child psychology, 42, 779-789.

Fenton, C., Brooks, F., Spencer, N. H., & Morgan, A. (2010). Sustaining a positive body image in adolescence An assets-based analysis. Health and Social Care in the Community, 18, 189-198.

Schneider, S., Weiß, M., Thiel, A. Werner, A., Mayer, J., Hoffmann, H.,…Diehl, K. (2013). Body dissatisfaction in female adolescents: Extent and correlates. European journal of pediatrics, 172, 373-384.

Tiggermann, M. & Slater, A. (2013). NetGirls: The internet, Facebook, and body image concern in adolescent girls. International journal of eating disorders, 46, 630-633.

Young Adults

Ginis, K. A. M., Strong, H. A., Arent, S. M., Bray, S. R. & Bassett-Gimter. R. L. (2014). The effects of aerobic- versus strength-training on body image among young women with pre-existing body image concerns. Body image, 11, 219-227.

Gregus, S. J., Rummell, C. M., Rankin, T. J. & Levant, R. F. (2014). Women’s experiences of sexual attention: A cross-sectional study of U.S. university students. International journal of sexual health, 26, 239-257.

Oswald, D. L., Franzoi, S. L. & Frost,  K. A. (2012). Experiencing sexism and young women’s body esteem.  Journal of social and clinical psychology, 31, 1112-11137.

Sprecher, S., Brooks, J. E. & Avogo, W. (2013). Self-esteem among young adults: Differences and similarities based on gender, race, and cohorts (1990-2012). Sex roles, 69, 264-275.

Thoman, D. B., Arizaga, J. A., Smith, J. L., Story, T. S. & Soncuya, G. (2014). The grass is greener in non-science, technology, engineering, and math classes: Examining the role of competing belong to undergraduate women’s vulnerability to being pulled away from science. Psychology of women quarterly, 38, 246-258.

Adults

Balcetis, E., Cole, S., Chelberg, M. B. & Alicke, M. (2013). Searching out the ideal: Awareness of ideal body standards predicts lower global self-esteem in women. Self and identity, 12, 99-113.

Elavsky, S. (2010). Longitudinal examination of the exercise and self-esteem model in middle-aged women. Journal of sports and exercise psychology, 32, 862-880.

Frewen, P. A., Lundberg, E., Brimson-Theberge, M. & Theberge, J. (2013). Neuroimaging self-esteem: A fMRI study of individual differences in women. SCAN, 8, 546-555.

Lynch, S. M. (2013). Not good enough on a tether: Exploring how violent relationships impact women’s sense of self. Psychodynamic psychiatry, 41, 219-246.

O’Connor, D. B., Hurling, R., Hendrickx, H., Osborne, G., Hall, J., Walklet, E., …, Wood, H. (2011). Effects of written emotional disclosure on implicitly self-esteem and body image. British journal of health psychology, 16, 488-501.

Orth, U., Trzesniewski, K. H. & Robins, R. W. (2010). Self-esteem development from young adulthood to old age: A cohort-sequential longitudinal study. Journal of personality and social psychology, 98, 645-658.

Rivas-Drake, D. (2012). Ethnic identity and adjustment: The mediating role of sense of community. Cultural diversity and ethnic minority psychology, 18, 210-215.

Sacco, D. F., Bernstein, M. J., Young, S. G. & Hugenberg, K. (2014). Reaction to social inclusion and ostracism as a function of perceived in-group similarity. Group dynamics: Theory, research, and practice, 18, 128-137.

Older Adults

Moore, J. B., Mitchell, N. G., Beets, M. W. & Bartholomew, J.B. (2012). Physical self-esteem in older adults: A test of the indirect effect of physical activity. Sport, exercise, and performance psychology, 1, 231-241.

We've also completed preliminary surveys for the groups at hand. Professor Tecle asked our goal for a number of respondents. What would be a good number? Also, the questions regarding learning style are because we want to know what type of event the respondents would like to see for women's week. Though it seems out of place with the rest of our questions, it's important info we need for planning. Professor Tecle also pointed out that we have quite a few questions for an open response survey. Will the groups we plan on surveying have enough time to complete all of them?

Children Survey

Adolescents Survey

Adults Survey

Breaking Down Children's Section

Hi :)

I broke the questions down a little more so that they are clearer for younger girls. Please let me know if there is something you would change. Thank you!

Children

 

1.How old are you?

 

2. What is your race?

I'm wondering if on this question we can make it where girls can mark what race they are in a multiple choice format for example,  "Mark the following race/races you identify yourself as"

White                      Hispanic

Black                      Native American

Asian                     

I think this might make it clearer as to what we mean by race if someone is confused and they can mark more than one or leave a place to fill in the blank.

 

3.What do think it means to be beautiful or to be handsome?

  

4.What things do you do that make you feel important or proud?

 

5.What kind of things make you feel bad or sad?

 

6.How do you feel about yourself?

 

7.What is your least favorite body part and why?

 

8.How do you feel about the way you look? (Likert Scale)

 

9.What kind of things can you do to make yourself feel better when you are sad?

 

10.How does it feel when people say mean things to you?

 

11.How does it feel when people say nice things to you?

 

12.Do you like learning from art, games, or from a teacher?

 

Project Survey

We met as a group last week to discuss the types of questions we would ask each of the age groups as well as what type of survey questions we would ask. We thought that for our survey we would use a mix of likert scale questions, open-ended questions, and multiple-choice questions. For our demographics such as age, name, ethnicity and race we would use open-ended questions or multiple-choice questions. We thought of grouping ages, for example 12-14, 15-18, and so on. Then we would transition into a likert scale asking questions such as, how does it make you feel when people say mean things about the way you look? For the school age children we would probably use a smile scale and with the older girls we would use a number scale. Finally when we would ask them to define self-esteem we would leave these more open-ended.

            We have received confirmation that we will be able to survey women from the YWCA and WCR. I also have talked to my supervisor about distributing survey’s at the catholic schools I am doing my practicum and she said it should be fine as long as she approves the survey with the principal before disturbing it. We should get a wide range of age groups and demographics from these populations. We also plan on informing the participants when the forum will be held on the survey. The forum will take place during women’s week, which is around mid-March or April.

Interesting Video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f0tEcxLDDd4


Thought this was a really cool video :)

Mission Statement

All four of us met together and finalized our mission statement:

Our mission is to work together with the YWCA to plan a 2-3 hour dialogue event, during their annual women's week, for women and girls about improving self-esteem. As part of our mission we will do research so the event reflects the interests of women both in the broader community and in the YWCA shelter.

Also, in the comments of this post we will be brainstorming ideas for questions to ask on two surveys: one for girl and one for adult and adolescent women. Leslie and Emily will be making contacts to find spaces to get responses to the survey (including hopefully the shelter at the YWCA).

Forming and Mission Statement and Seeking Resources

Per class discussion, the group wants to:
1. Form a mission statement
2. Identify and read academic resources
3. Identify possible key informants, allies, and advocates.

1. The group will use the comments on this post to brainstorm mission statements. We have discussed wanting to move focus from body image, which was discussed initially, to a broader focus on self-esteem. This will allow the incorporation of body image but allow other important topics to be discussed as well.

2. The group has already begun work on finding academic sources with our blog last week. If we haven't read the articles posted by other group members yet, that is a goal.

3. As a group we were able to discuss a few resources that could help to better understand creating a program to present when we do a self-esteem focused event with the YWCA. Coming up at Leslie's practicum is a presentation by the YWCA to students on similar topics to ours. Leslie is going to check with her field practicum supervisor to see if our group members could visit during these. Emily knows someone named Jenny that coordinates girls' groups in the community with kids and teens. She is going to contact Jenny to see if there is a time she could meet with the group to discuss ideas and techniques.

All group members participated in discussion together on our project this week.

YWCA Meeting and Tour

On 9/18 Emily, Alexa and I met with Yen, the YWCA volunteer coordinator. She began by telling us a story about a girl who thought she was ugly at the age of 5. Where did this little girl get this message from? Where are most girls getting this message from regardless of age? We thought about possible reasons where young girls are getting these messages from, mothers? media? peers? She continued by sharing with us a need that she saw and her desire in creating a program which focused on body image and girls self esteem. This is an issue that most girls can relate to from all walks of life, no matter where you come from and we saw a need for the community in putting something like this together.  We discussed hosting an event where we would divide the girls into three groups depending on age. One group would be younger girls, another group would be teenagers and another would be adult women. We realized that what may appeal to young girls would not appeal to teenagers or adults so we knew we had to cater to each group differently. We discussed the possibility of someone coming and doing art projects with the younger girls and having a more academic presentation for the adult women.  We also discussed having female speakers come in, but have not decided on who exactly would be presenting.  Overall, we want to empower women, help build confidence and that beauty comes in many different forms not all physical.  

The goal for our group this week was to find academic sources concerning body image and self esteem.